It is the second-most populous city in North Carolina , tenth-most populous city in the Southeast , 41st-most populous city in the U. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees , which line the streets in the heart of the city. The U. Census Bureau counted the city's population as , in The name of the Research Triangle often shortened to the "Triangle" originated after the creation of Research Triangle Park RTP , located in Durham and Wake counties, among the three cities and their universities.

The Triangle encompasses the U. Most of Raleigh is located within Wake County , with a very small portion extending into Durham County. Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. During the American Civil War , the city was spared from any significant battle. It fell to the Union in the closing days of the war, and struggled with the economic hardships in the postwar period related to the reconstitution of labor markets, over-reliance on agriculture, and the social unrest of the Reconstruction Era.

The establishment of the Research Triangle Park RTP in , helped create several tens of thousands of jobs in the fields of science and technology. By the early 21st century , Raleigh had become one of the fastest-growing communities in the United States.

Bath , the oldest town in North Carolina, was the first nominal capital of the colony from until , when Edenton took over the role. The colony had no permanent institutions of government until the new capital, New Bern , was established in The first county seat was Bloomsbury.

New Bern , a port town on the Neuse River 35 miles 56 km from the Atlantic Ocean, was the largest city and the capital of North Carolina during the American Revolution.

When the British Army laid siege to the city, that site could no longer be used as capital. Raleigh was chosen as the site of the new capital in , as its central location protected it from attacks from the coast. It was officially established in as both county seat and state capital. No known city or town existed previously on the chosen city site.

Raleigh is one of the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve as a state capital. Its original boundaries were formed by the downtown streets of North, East, West and South.

The North Carolina General Assembly first met in Raleigh in December , and granted the city a charter , with a board of seven appointed commissioners and an " Intendant of Police" which developed as the office of Mayor to govern it.

After city commissioners were elected. In , the N. Minerva and Raleigh Advertiser was the first newspaper published in Raleigh. In Raleigh's first volunteer fire company was founded, followed in by a full-time fire company.

In , a fire destroyed the North Carolina State House. Two years later, reconstruction began with quarried gneiss being delivered by the first railroad in the state. In , the first State Fair was held near Raleigh. The first institution of higher learning in Raleigh, Peace College , was established in Raleigh's Historic Oakwood contains many houses from the 19th century that are still in good condition. After the war began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops.

Before leaving, Vance met with former governors Graham and Swain to draft a letter of surrender for Raleigh. Their intention was to protect Raleigh from the destruction inflicted on other cities by Union troops. Graham and Swain departed to meet the advancing Federal forces on the morning of April 12, , and were to return by that evening. The evening struck, but Graham and Swain had not returned due to train delays and their temporary capture by Sherman.

Governor Vance left the evening after Graham and Sherman failed to return, leaving behind a letter giving Mayor William H. Harrison the authority to surrender. Kenneth Rayner, a long-time resident of Raleigh, delivered the proposal including a promise of no resistance.

Kilpatrick agreed to accept the surrender and protect Raleigh from destruction. Kilpatrick's cavalry occupied Raleigh and removed the flagpole from the state capitol , replacing it with a United States Flag above the dome.

Sherman arrived shortly after and established his headquarters in the governor's mansion. The city was spared significant destruction during the war. Due to the economic and social problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction , with a state economy still heavily dependent on agriculture, the city grew little over the next several decades.

Shaw University , the South's first African American college, began classes in and was chartered in In , Episcopal clergy founded St. Augustine's College for the education of freedmen. The biracial Reconstruction legislature created new welfare institutions: in , it approved the nation's first school for blind and deaf blacks, to be located in Raleigh. In , the federal government constructed the Federal Building in Raleigh, the first federal government project in the Southern U.

The city's Rex Hospital opened in and included the state's first nursing school. The Baptist Women's College, now known as Meredith College , opened in , and in , The Academy of Music , a private music conservatory, was established. In the late nineteenth century, two black Congressmen were elected from North Carolina's 2nd district, the last in George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for blacks and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce black voting by new discriminatory laws.

He and allies were unsuccessful. Based on a white supremacy campaign that returned Democrats to dominance, in the state legislature passed a new constitution , with a suffrage amendment that raised barriers to voter registration, resulting in the disenfranchisement of most blacks and many poor whites. Loss of the ability to vote also disqualified black men and later women from sitting on juries and serving in any office—local, state or federal.

The rising black middle-class in Raleigh and other areas was politically silenced and shut out of local governance, and the Republican Party was no longer competitive in the state. It was not until after federal civil rights legislation was passed in the mids that the majority of blacks in North Carolina would again be able to vote, sit on juries and serve in local offices.

By that time many African Americans had left the state in the Great Migration to northern industrial cities for more opportunities. In , Bloomsbury Park opened, featuring a popular carousel ride.

From to , an influenza epidemic killed Raleighites. In , WLAC signed on as the city's first radio station, but lasted only two years. It is now Raleigh's oldest continuous radio broadcaster. In , the Raleigh Fall Festival was formed. The city's first airport, Curtiss-Wright Flying Field, opened in That same year, the stock market crash resulted in six Raleigh banks closing.

During the difficult s of the Great Depression , government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In , Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated.

The North Carolina Symphony , founded the same year, performed in its new home. From to , the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In , the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, [32] with the first flight occurring in In , Raleigh citizens adopted a council—manager form of government, the current form.

Council members are elected from single-member districts. They hire a city manager. Raleigh experienced significant damage from Hurricane Hazel in With the opening of the Research Triangle Park in , Raleigh began to experience a population increase, resulting in a total city population of , by Johnson presidency, political participation and voting by African Americans in Raleigh increased rapidly.

From the early-to-mid 20th century East Hargett Street was known as Raleigh's "black main street" and hosted numerous black-owned businesses. The area declined after the city desegregated its establishments. By the early s people in Raleigh were growing increasingly concerned about growth and urban sprawl. Community organizations felt that municipal offices were being too heavily influenced by business interests when the city's population was rapidly growing and various development projects were being proposed.

At their behest, the municipal elections were altered so that the mayor was to be directly elected, instead of being selected by the city council. Most city council seats were then made responsible to districts, instead of being held at-large. The elections were the first contests affected by the reforms. Wesley Williams to become Raleigh's first black mayor, and thus the first black mayor in a major white-majority city in the South. In , the Raleigh City and Wake County schools merged to become the Wake County Public School System , now the largest school system in the state and 19th largest in the country.

During the s and s, the I beltline was constructed, in an attempt to ease traffic congestion and providing access to most major city roads. Fayetteville Street was turned into a pedestrian-only street in an effort to help the then-ailing downtown area, but the plan was flawed and business declined for years to come.

Fayetteville Street was reopened in as the main thoroughfare of Raleigh's downtown. During the Raleigh tornado outbreak of November 28, , the city was affected by the most destructive of the seven tornadoes reported in Northeastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia between AM and AM.

The damage path from the storm was measured at 84 miles km long, and. The tornado was rated F4. Also in , Hurricane Fran struck the area, causing massive flooding and extensive structural damage.

In , the National Hockey League 's Hartford Whalers announced their intention to move to Raleigh as the Carolina Hurricanes , becoming the city's first major league professional sports franchise. In the first decade of the 21st century, Raleigh was featured prominently in a number of "Top 10 Lists", including those by Forbes , MSNBC and Money magazine , due to its quality of life and favorable business climate.

 
 

3/33 hazel road salisbury east free.Raleigh, North Carolina

 

The two cities and the surrounding towns form a large continuous conurbation. The history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort castra of Mamucium or Mancunium , established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically part of Lancashire , areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated into Manchester in the 20th century, including Wythenshawe in Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township , but began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century.

Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution , [10] and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in , creating the Port of Manchester and linking the city to the Irish Sea , 36 miles 58 km to the west.

Its fortune declined after the Second World War , owing to deindustrialisation, but the IRA bombing in led to extensive investment and regeneration. The city is notable for its architecture , culture , musical exports , media links , scientific and engineering output , social impact , sports clubs and transport connections.

Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the world's first inter-city passenger railway station. Williams , Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill developed the world's first stored-program computer in , and Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov isolated the first graphene in These names are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name. Both usages are preserved in Insular Celtic languages , such as mam meaning "breast" in Irish and "mother" in Welsh.

The Brigantes were the major Celtic tribe in what is now known as Northern England ; they had a stronghold in the locality at a sandstone outcrop on which Manchester Cathedral now stands, opposite the bank of the River Irwell. Following the Roman conquest of Britain in the 1st century, General Agricola ordered the construction of a fort named Mamucium in the year 79 to ensure that Roman interests in Deva Victrix Chester and Eboracum York were protected from the Brigantes.

The Roman habitation of Manchester probably ended around the 3rd century; its civilian settlement appears to have been abandoned by the mid-3rd century, although the fort may have supported a small garrison until the late 3rd or early 4th century.

In the Domesday Book of , Manchester is recorded as within the hundred of Salford and held as tenant in chief by a Norman named Roger of Poitou , [22] later being held by the family of Grelley, lord of the manor and residents of Manchester Castle until before a Manor House was built.

Manchester is mentioned as having a market in Although not long-lasting, Cromwell granted it the right to elect its own MP.

Charles Worsley , who sat for the city for only a year, was later appointed Major General for Lancashire, Cheshire and Staffordshire during the Rule of the Major Generals. He was a diligent puritan , turning out ale houses and banning the celebration of Christmas; he died in The Bridgewater Canal , Britain's first wholly artificial waterway, was opened in , bringing coal from mines at Worsley to central Manchester.

The canal was extended to the Mersey at Runcorn by The combination of competition and improved efficiency halved the cost of coal and halved the transport cost of raw cotton.

In , Richard Arkwright began construction of Manchester's first cotton mill. Manchester was one of the centres of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The great majority of cotton spinning took place in the towns of south Lancashire and north Cheshire, and Manchester was for a time the most productive centre of cotton processing.

Manchester became known as the world's largest marketplace for cotton goods [19] [30] and was dubbed " Cottonopolis " and "Warehouse City" during the Victorian era. Manchester began expanding "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century as people flocked to the city for work from Scotland, Wales, Ireland and other areas of England as part of a process of unplanned urbanisation brought on by the Industrial Revolution.

Similarly, the chemical industry started by producing bleaches and dyes, but expanded into other areas. Commerce was supported by financial service industries such as banking and insurance.

Trade, and feeding the growing population, required a large transport and distribution infrastructure: the canal system was extended, and Manchester became one end of the world's first intercity passenger railway—the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Competition between the various forms of transport kept costs down.

The Manchester Ship Canal was built between and , in some sections by canalisation of the Rivers Irwell and Mersey, running 36 miles 58 km [36] from Salford to Eastham Locks on the tidal Mersey. This enabled oceangoing ships to sail right into the Port of Manchester.

On the canal's banks, just outside the borough, the world's first industrial estate was created at Trafford Park. A centre of capitalism, Manchester was once the scene of bread and labour riots, as well as calls for greater political recognition by the city's working and non-titled classes.

One such gathering ended with the Peterloo massacre of 16 August The economic school of Manchester Capitalism developed there, and Manchester was the centre of the Anti-Corn Law League from onward. Manchester has a notable place in the history of Marxism and left-wing politics; being the subject of Friedrich Engels ' work The Condition of the Working Class in England in ; Engels spent much of his life in and around Manchester, [38] and when Karl Marx visited Manchester, they met at Chetham's Library.

The economics books Marx was reading at the time can be seen in the library, as can the window seat where Marx and Engels would meet. Manchester was an important cradle of the Labour Party and the Suffragette Movement. At that time, it seemed a place in which anything could happen—new industrial processes, new ways of thinking the Manchester School , promoting free trade and laissez-faire , new classes or groups in society, new religious sects, and new forms of labour organisation. It attracted educated visitors from all parts of Britain and Europe.

A saying capturing this sense of innovation survives today: "What Manchester does today, the rest of the world does tomorrow. Many of the great public buildings including Manchester Town Hall date from then. In , when county councils were created in England, the municipal borough became a county borough with even greater autonomy.

Although the Industrial Revolution brought wealth to the city, it also brought poverty and squalor to a large part of the population. Historian Simon Schama noted that "Manchester was the very best and the very worst taken to terrifying extremes, a new kind of city in the world; the chimneys of industrial suburbs greeting you with columns of smoke". An American visitor taken to Manchester's blackspots saw "wretched, defrauded, oppressed, crushed human nature, lying and bleeding fragments".

The number of cotton mills in Manchester itself reached a peak of in Cotton processing in other parts of the world increased, often on machines produced in Manchester.

Manchester suffered greatly from the Great Depression and the underlying structural changes that began to supplant the old industries, including textile manufacture. Manchester was thus the target of bombing by the Luftwaffe , and by late air raids were taking place against non-military targets. A large part of the historic city centre was destroyed, including warehouses, business premises, and offices. Cotton processing and trading continued to fall in peacetime, and the exchange closed in Traffic declined, and the port closed in Manchester lost , jobs in manufacturing between and Regeneration began in the late s, with initiatives such as the Metrolink , the Bridgewater Concert Hall , the Manchester Arena , and in Salford the rebranding of the port as Salford Quays.

Two bids to host the Olympic Games were part of a process to raise the international profile of the city. Manchester has a history of attacks attributed to Irish Republicans, including the Manchester Martyrs of , arson in , a series of explosions in , and two bombs in On Saturday 15 June , the Provisional Irish Republican Army IRA carried out the Manchester bombing , the detonation of a large bomb next to a department store in the city centre.

Spurred by the investment after the bomb and aided by the XVII Commonwealth Games , the city centre has undergone extensive regeneration. Manchester Arndale is the UK's largest city-centre shopping centre. Large city sections from the s have been demolished, re-developed or modernised with the use of glass and steel. Old mills have been converted into apartments. Hulme has undergone extensive regeneration, with million-pound loft-house apartments being developed.

The storey, foot m Beetham Tower was the tallest UK building outside of London and the highest residential accommodation in Europe when completed in It was surpassed in by the foot m South Tower of the Deansgate Square project, also in Manchester. On 22 May , an Islamist terrorist carried out a bombing at an Ariana Grande concert in the Manchester Arena ; the bomb killed 23, including the attacker, and injured over It caused worldwide condemnation and changed the UK's threat level to "critical" for the first time since Since around the turn of the 21st century, Manchester has been regarded as one of the candidates for the unofficial title of second city of the United Kingdom alongside Birmingham by sections of the international press, [56] British public, [57] and government ministers.

The Greater Manchester Combined Authority , with a directly elected mayor , has responsibilities for economic strategy and transport, amongst other areas, on a Greater Manchester-wide basis.

Manchester has been a member of the English Core Cities Group since its inception in The town of Manchester was granted a charter by Thomas Grelley in , but lost its borough status in a court case of Until the 19th century local government was largely in the hands of manorial courts , the last of which was dissolved in From a very early time , the township of Manchester lay within the historic or ceremonial county boundaries of Lancashire.

Manchester later formed its own Poor Law Union using the name "Manchester". Manchester regained its borough status in , and comprised the townships of Beswick , Cheetham Hill , Chorlton upon Medlock and Hulme. In , Manchester was granted city status. In , the city became a county borough as did many larger Lancashire towns, and therefore not governed by Lancashire County Council.

In November , it was announced that Greater Manchester would receive a new directly elected mayor. The mayor would have fiscal control over health, transport, housing and police in the area.

Manchester is The city centre is on the east bank of the River Irwell , near its confluences with the Rivers Medlock and Irk , and is relatively low-lying, being between 35 to 42 metres to feet above sea level. Much of the inner city, especially in the south, is flat, offering extensive views from many highrise buildings in the city of the foothills and moors of the Pennines, which can often be capped with snow in the winter months.

Manchester's geographic features were highly influential in its early development as the world's first industrial city. These features are its climate, its proximity to a seaport at Liverpool , the availability of water power from its rivers, and its nearby coal reserves. The name Manchester, though officially applied only to the metropolitan district within Greater Manchester, has been applied to other, wider divisions of land, particularly across much of the Greater Manchester county and urban area.

For purposes of the Office for National Statistics , Manchester forms the most populous settlement within the Greater Manchester Urban Area , the United Kingdom's third-largest conurbation.

There is a mix of high-density urban and suburban locations. The largest open space in the city, at around hectares acres , [72] is Heaton Park. Manchester is contiguous on all sides with several large settlements, except for a small section along its southern boundary with Cheshire.

The M60 and M56 motorways pass through Northenden and Wythenshawe respectively in the south of Manchester. Heavy rail lines enter the city from all directions, the principal destination being Manchester Piccadilly station. Summer daytime temperatures regularly top 20 Celsius, quite often reaching 25 Celsius on sunny days during July and August in particular. In more recent years, temperatures have occasionally reached over 30 Celsius.

There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year. The city's average annual rainfall is Manchester lies at the centre of a green belt region extending into the wider surrounding counties.

 

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In addition, The average household size in Raleigh was 2. Raleigh's population in was evenly distributed with An estimated 8. For every females, there were The racial makeup of Raleigh in was In , the racial composition of the city was: Of the total population, In , an estimated Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners.

The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity , with the largest numbers of adherents being Baptist Others include Presbyterianism 2. Judaism 0. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's Uniform Crime Reports , in the Raleigh Police Department and other agencies in the city reported 1, incidents of violent crime and 8, incidents of property crime — far below both the national average and the North Carolina average.

Aggravated assault accounted for of the total violent crimes. Property crimes included burglaries which accounted for 1,, larcenies for 6, and Motor vehicle theft accounted for incidents out of the total. Raleigh's industrial base includes financial services, electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment, clothing and apparel, food processing, paper products, and pharmaceuticals.

Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research parks, and a major center in the United States for high-tech and biotech research, as well as advanced textile development. Raleigh was number one on the Forbes list of the best place for businesses and careers. Social Blade , a website that tracks social media statistics and analytics, and Temple Run developer Imangi Studios are based in Raleigh.

In April Steven P. Rosenthal of Northland Investment Corp. You have a lot of smart people living in the same place. That will drive the economy. According to Raleigh's —18 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, [] the top employers in the city are:.

In , the Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater opened now sponsored as the Red Hat Amphitheater , which hosts numerous concerts primarily in the summer months. An additional amphitheater sits on the grounds of the North Carolina Museum of Art, which hosts a summer concert series and outdoor movies. The private Lincoln Theatre is one of several clubs in downtown Raleigh that schedules many concerts throughout the year in multiple formats rock, pop, country.

In , a new theatre space, the Meymandi Theatre at the Murphey School, was opened in the restored auditorium of the historic Murphey School. The numerous local colleges and universities significantly add to the options available for viewing live performances. In addition to its extensive collections of American Art , European Art and ancient art , the museum recently has hosted major exhibitions featuring Auguste Rodin in and Claude Monet in , each attracting more than , visitors.

The museum's outdoor park is one of the largest such art parks in the country. The museum facility underwent a major expansion which greatly expanded the exhibit space that was completed in CAM Raleigh is a downtown contemporary art museum, also on Martin Street, that serves to promote new artists and does not house a permanent collection.

In addition to the Hurricanes, the North Carolina FC of the United Soccer League and North Carolina Courage women's professional soccer team play in suburban Cary to the west; the Carolina Mudcats , a Single-A minor-league baseball team, play in the city's eastern suburbs; the newly formed Single-A minor-league baseball Fayetteville Woodpeckers , who formerly played in Buies Creek , began play in the nearby out-of-county southern suburb of Fayetteville when their new ballpark opened in ; [] the Carolina Flyers of the American Ultimate Disc League play primarily at Cardinal Gibbons High School near the PNC Arena; and the Durham Bulls , the AAA minor-league baseball team made internationally famous by the movie Bull Durham , play in the neighboring city of Durham.

North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Wolfpack women's basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics as well as men's wrestling events are held on campus at Reynolds Coliseum. The men's baseball team plays at Doak Field. Raleigh is also home to one of the Cheer Extreme All Stars gyms. Because of the area's many billiards rooms, Raleigh is home to one of the largest amateur league franchises for playing pool , the Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill American Poolplayers Association.

There are leagues available in formats for players of any skill level. Raleigh is the home of Raleigh Kubb, both a competitive and non-competitive kubb club. Raleigh Kubb hosts kubb tournaments benefitting various charities in the Raleigh area. The Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department offers a wide variety of leisure opportunities at more than sites throughout the city, which include: 8, acres 33 km 2 of park land, 78 miles km of greenway , 22 community centers , a BMX championship-caliber race track, tennis courts among 25 locations, 5 public lakes, and 8 public aquatic facilities.

The park system includes the historic Pullen Park , the oldest public park in North Carolina. The J. Raulston Arboretum , an 8-acre 32, m 2 arboretum and botanical garden in west Raleigh administered by North Carolina State University , maintains a year-round collection that is open daily to the public without charge.

Historically, Raleigh voters have tended to elect conservative Democrats in local, state, and national elections, a holdover from their one-party system of the late 19th century. Raleigh operates under a council-manager government. Raleigh City Council consists of eight members; all seats, including the Mayor's , are open for election every two years.

Five of the council seats are district representatives and two seats are citywide representatives elected at-large. As of , Time ranked Raleigh as the third most educated city in the US based on the percentage of residents who held college degrees. Observers have praised the Wake County Public School System for its innovative efforts to maintain a socially, economically and racial balanced system by using income as a prime factor in assigning students to schools.

There are four early college high schools in Raleigh. Raleigh also has two alternative high schools. The State of North Carolina provides for a legislated number of charter schools. Raleigh is currently home to 11 such charter schools:. Raleigh-Durham International Airport, the region's primary airport and the second-largest in North Carolina, located northwest of downtown Raleigh via Interstate between Raleigh and Durham , serves the city and greater Research Triangle metropolitan region, as well as much of eastern North Carolina.

The airport offers service to more than 50 domestic and international destinations and serves approximately 10 million passengers a year. American Airlines operates the daily service to London Heathrow. The airport authority tripled the size of its Terminal 2 formerly Terminal C in January Raleigh's train station is one of Amtrak 's busiest stops in the Southern U.

Although there are 33 routes, some routes are designed to cover multiple other routes at times when they are not served. Depending on the time of the day, and the day of the week, the number of routes operating is between 5 and GoTriangle offers scheduled, fixed-route regional and commuter bus service between Raleigh and the region's other principal cities of Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill, as well as to and from the Raleigh-Durham International Airport , Research Triangle Park and several of the region's larger suburban communities.

Triangle Transit also coordinates an extensive vanpool and rideshare program that serves the region's larger employers and commute destinations. North Carolina State University also maintains its own transit system, the Wolfline , that provides zero-fare bus service to the general public along multiple routes serving the university's campuses in southwest Raleigh. Government agencies throughout the Raleigh-Durham metropolitan area have struggled with determining the best means of providing fixed-rail transit service for the region.

There were proposals to extend this corridor 7 miles to Chapel Hill with light rail technology. However, in Triangle Transit deferred implementation indefinitely when the Federal Transit Administration declined to fund the program due to low ridership projections.

The region's two metropolitan planning organizations appointed a group of local citizens in to reexamine options for future transit development in light of Triangle Transit's problems. The Special Transit Advisory Commission STAC retained many of the provisions of Triangle Transit's original plan, but recommended adding new bus services and raising additional revenues by adding a new local half-cent sales tax to fund the project.

The Raleigh Fire Department provides fire protection throughout the city. Raleigh has several sister cities : []. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Capital city of North Carolina, United States. For other uses, see Raleigh disambiguation. State capital city in North Carolina, United States. State capital city. Location in Wake County and the state of North Carolina.

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United States portal Cities portal. For more information, see Threadex. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. City of Raleigh. May 6, Retrieved May 9, Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, Retrieved August 29, Retrieved August 22, Census website".

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January 15, Retrieved June 30, June 20, Retrieved May 30, Retrieved November 7, NC State Wolfpack. Retrieved December 7, North Carolina State Wolfpack. Archived from the original on February 2, Retrieved January 23, Manchester began expanding "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century as people flocked to the city for work from Scotland, Wales, Ireland and other areas of England as part of a process of unplanned urbanisation brought on by the Industrial Revolution.

Similarly, the chemical industry started by producing bleaches and dyes, but expanded into other areas. Commerce was supported by financial service industries such as banking and insurance. Trade, and feeding the growing population, required a large transport and distribution infrastructure: the canal system was extended, and Manchester became one end of the world's first intercity passenger railway—the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Competition between the various forms of transport kept costs down.

The Manchester Ship Canal was built between and , in some sections by canalisation of the Rivers Irwell and Mersey, running 36 miles 58 km [36] from Salford to Eastham Locks on the tidal Mersey. This enabled oceangoing ships to sail right into the Port of Manchester. On the canal's banks, just outside the borough, the world's first industrial estate was created at Trafford Park. A centre of capitalism, Manchester was once the scene of bread and labour riots, as well as calls for greater political recognition by the city's working and non-titled classes.

One such gathering ended with the Peterloo massacre of 16 August The economic school of Manchester Capitalism developed there, and Manchester was the centre of the Anti-Corn Law League from onward. Manchester has a notable place in the history of Marxism and left-wing politics; being the subject of Friedrich Engels ' work The Condition of the Working Class in England in ; Engels spent much of his life in and around Manchester, [38] and when Karl Marx visited Manchester, they met at Chetham's Library.

The economics books Marx was reading at the time can be seen in the library, as can the window seat where Marx and Engels would meet. Manchester was an important cradle of the Labour Party and the Suffragette Movement. At that time, it seemed a place in which anything could happen—new industrial processes, new ways of thinking the Manchester School , promoting free trade and laissez-faire , new classes or groups in society, new religious sects, and new forms of labour organisation. It attracted educated visitors from all parts of Britain and Europe.

A saying capturing this sense of innovation survives today: "What Manchester does today, the rest of the world does tomorrow. Many of the great public buildings including Manchester Town Hall date from then. In , when county councils were created in England, the municipal borough became a county borough with even greater autonomy.

Although the Industrial Revolution brought wealth to the city, it also brought poverty and squalor to a large part of the population. Historian Simon Schama noted that "Manchester was the very best and the very worst taken to terrifying extremes, a new kind of city in the world; the chimneys of industrial suburbs greeting you with columns of smoke".

An American visitor taken to Manchester's blackspots saw "wretched, defrauded, oppressed, crushed human nature, lying and bleeding fragments". The number of cotton mills in Manchester itself reached a peak of in Cotton processing in other parts of the world increased, often on machines produced in Manchester.

Manchester suffered greatly from the Great Depression and the underlying structural changes that began to supplant the old industries, including textile manufacture. Manchester was thus the target of bombing by the Luftwaffe , and by late air raids were taking place against non-military targets.

A large part of the historic city centre was destroyed, including warehouses, business premises, and offices. Cotton processing and trading continued to fall in peacetime, and the exchange closed in Traffic declined, and the port closed in Manchester lost , jobs in manufacturing between and Regeneration began in the late s, with initiatives such as the Metrolink , the Bridgewater Concert Hall , the Manchester Arena , and in Salford the rebranding of the port as Salford Quays.

Two bids to host the Olympic Games were part of a process to raise the international profile of the city. Manchester has a history of attacks attributed to Irish Republicans, including the Manchester Martyrs of , arson in , a series of explosions in , and two bombs in On Saturday 15 June , the Provisional Irish Republican Army IRA carried out the Manchester bombing , the detonation of a large bomb next to a department store in the city centre.

Spurred by the investment after the bomb and aided by the XVII Commonwealth Games , the city centre has undergone extensive regeneration. Manchester Arndale is the UK's largest city-centre shopping centre. Large city sections from the s have been demolished, re-developed or modernised with the use of glass and steel. Old mills have been converted into apartments. Hulme has undergone extensive regeneration, with million-pound loft-house apartments being developed. The storey, foot m Beetham Tower was the tallest UK building outside of London and the highest residential accommodation in Europe when completed in It was surpassed in by the foot m South Tower of the Deansgate Square project, also in Manchester.

On 22 May , an Islamist terrorist carried out a bombing at an Ariana Grande concert in the Manchester Arena ; the bomb killed 23, including the attacker, and injured over It caused worldwide condemnation and changed the UK's threat level to "critical" for the first time since Since around the turn of the 21st century, Manchester has been regarded as one of the candidates for the unofficial title of second city of the United Kingdom alongside Birmingham by sections of the international press, [56] British public, [57] and government ministers.

The Greater Manchester Combined Authority , with a directly elected mayor , has responsibilities for economic strategy and transport, amongst other areas, on a Greater Manchester-wide basis.

Manchester has been a member of the English Core Cities Group since its inception in The town of Manchester was granted a charter by Thomas Grelley in , but lost its borough status in a court case of Until the 19th century local government was largely in the hands of manorial courts , the last of which was dissolved in From a very early time , the township of Manchester lay within the historic or ceremonial county boundaries of Lancashire.

Manchester later formed its own Poor Law Union using the name "Manchester". Manchester regained its borough status in , and comprised the townships of Beswick , Cheetham Hill , Chorlton upon Medlock and Hulme. In , Manchester was granted city status. In , the city became a county borough as did many larger Lancashire towns, and therefore not governed by Lancashire County Council. In November , it was announced that Greater Manchester would receive a new directly elected mayor.

The mayor would have fiscal control over health, transport, housing and police in the area. Manchester is The city centre is on the east bank of the River Irwell , near its confluences with the Rivers Medlock and Irk , and is relatively low-lying, being between 35 to 42 metres to feet above sea level.

Much of the inner city, especially in the south, is flat, offering extensive views from many highrise buildings in the city of the foothills and moors of the Pennines, which can often be capped with snow in the winter months. Manchester's geographic features were highly influential in its early development as the world's first industrial city. These features are its climate, its proximity to a seaport at Liverpool , the availability of water power from its rivers, and its nearby coal reserves.

The name Manchester, though officially applied only to the metropolitan district within Greater Manchester, has been applied to other, wider divisions of land, particularly across much of the Greater Manchester county and urban area. For purposes of the Office for National Statistics , Manchester forms the most populous settlement within the Greater Manchester Urban Area , the United Kingdom's third-largest conurbation.

There is a mix of high-density urban and suburban locations. The largest open space in the city, at around hectares acres , [72] is Heaton Park. Manchester is contiguous on all sides with several large settlements, except for a small section along its southern boundary with Cheshire.

The M60 and M56 motorways pass through Northenden and Wythenshawe respectively in the south of Manchester. Heavy rail lines enter the city from all directions, the principal destination being Manchester Piccadilly station.

Summer daytime temperatures regularly top 20 Celsius, quite often reaching 25 Celsius on sunny days during July and August in particular. In more recent years, temperatures have occasionally reached over 30 Celsius. There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year.

The city's average annual rainfall is Manchester lies at the centre of a green belt region extending into the wider surrounding counties. This reduces urban sprawl , prevents towns in the conurbation from further convergence, protects the identity of outlying communities, and preserves nearby countryside. It is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building. Racial structure, according to the census [2].

Religious beliefs, according to the census [2]. Historically the population of Manchester began to increase rapidly during the Victorian era , estimated at , for Manchester and , for Salford in , [92] and peaking at , in From then the population began to decrease rapidly, due to slum clearance and the increased building of social housing overspill estates by Manchester City Council after the Second World War such as Hattersley and Langley.

The mid-year estimate for the population of Manchester was , This was an increase of 7,, or 1. Since , the population has grown by 87,, or This represents a slower rate of growth than the previous decade. The Greater Manchester Built-up Area in had an estimated population of 2,, In an estimated 2,, people lived in Greater Manchester. An 6,, people were estimated in to live within 30 miles 50 km of Manchester and 11,, within 50 miles 80 km.

Between the beginning of July and end of June mid-year estimate date , births exceeded deaths by 4, Migration internal and international and other changes accounted for a net increase of 3, people between July and June Compared with Greater Manchester and with England, Manchester has a younger population, with a particularly large 20—35 age group.

Since the census, the proportion of Christians in Manchester has fallen by 22 per cent from The proportion of those with no religious affiliation rose by Of all households in Manchester, 0.

In terms of ethnic composition , the City of Manchester has the highest non-white proportion of any district in Greater Manchester. Statistics from the census showed that The area also attracts large numbers of Chinese students to the city who, in attending the local universities, [] contribute to Manchester having the third-largest Chinese population in Europe. The Manchester Larger Urban Zone , a Eurostat measure of the functional city-region approximated to local government districts, had a population of 2,, in The economy grew relatively strongly between and , when growth was 2.

As the UK economy continues to recover from its — downturn, Manchester compares favourably according to recent figures. In it showed the strongest annual growth in business stock 5 per cent of all core cities.

Manchester's civic leadership has a reputation for business acumen. KPMG's competitive alternative report also found that Manchester was Europe's most affordable city featured, ranking slightly better than the Dutch cities of Rotterdam and Amsterdam , which all have a cost-of-living index of less than Manchester is a city of contrast, where some of the country's most deprived and most affluent neighbourhoods can be found. Women fare better in Manchester than the rest of the country in comparative pay with men.

The per hours-worked gender pay gap is 3. Manchester has the largest UK office market outside London, according to GVA Grimley, with a quarterly office uptake averaged over — of some , square ft — equivalent to the quarterly office uptake of Leeds , Liverpool and Newcastle combined and 90, square feet more than the nearest rival, Birmingham.

Manchester's buildings display a variety of architectural styles, ranging from Victorian to contemporary architecture. The widespread use of red brick characterises the city, much of the architecture of which harks back to its days as a global centre for the cotton trade.

Manchester Town Hall , in Albert Square , was built in the Gothic revival style and is seen as one of the most important Victorian buildings in England. Manchester also has a number of skyscrapers built in the s and s, the tallest being the CIS Tower near Manchester Victoria station until the Beetham Tower was completed in The latter exemplifies a new surge in high-rise building. It includes a Hilton hotel , a restaurant and apartments.

The largest skyscraper is now Deansgate Square South Tower, at metres feet. The Green Building , opposite Oxford Road station , is a pioneering eco-friendly housing project, while the recently completed One Angel Square , is one of the most sustainable large buildings in the world.

The award-winning Heaton Park in the north of the city borough is one of the largest municipal parks in Europe, covering acres ha of parkland. Two large squares hold many of Manchester's public monuments. The cenotaph in St Peter's Square is Manchester's main memorial to its war dead. Designed by Edwin Lutyens , it echoes the original on Whitehall in London.

Two of the city's four main line termini did not survive the s: Manchester Central and Manchester Exchange each closed in In addition, Manchester Mayfield station closed to passenger services in ; its buildings and platforms are still extant, next to Piccadilly station , but are due to be redeveloped in the s. Today, the city is well served by its rail network although it is now working to capacity, [] and is at the centre of an extensive county-wide railway network, including the West Coast Main Line , with two mainline stations: Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Victoria.

Recent improvements in Manchester as part of the Northern Hub in the s have been numerous electrification schemes into and through Manchester, redevelopment of Victoria station and construction of the Ordsall Chord directly linking Victoria and Piccadilly. Manchester city centre, specifically the Castlefield Corridor , suffers from constrained rail capacity that frequently leads to delays and cancellations — a report found that all three major Manchester stations are among the top ten worst stations in the United Kingdom for punctuality, with Oxford Road deemed the worst in the country.

Manchester became the first city in the UK to acquire a modern light rail tram system when the Manchester Metrolink opened in In —, The city has one of the most extensive bus networks outside London, with over 50 bus companies operating in the Greater Manchester region radiating from the city. In , 80 per cent of public transport journeys in Greater Manchester were made by bus, amounting to million passenger journeys each year.

The airport is the third busiest in the United Kingdom , with over double the number of annual passengers of the next busiest non-London airport. The airport has the highest rating available: " Category 10 ", encompassing an elite group of airports able to handle " Code F " aircraft, including the Airbus A and Boeing A smaller City Airport Manchester exists 9.

It was Manchester's first municipal airport and became the site of the first air traffic control tower in the UK, and the first municipal airfield in the UK to be licensed by the Air Ministry. An extensive canal network, including the Manchester Ship Canal , was built to carry freight from the Industrial Revolution onward; the canals are still maintained, though now largely repurposed for leisure use. Cycling for transportation and leisure enjoys popularity in Manchester and the city also plays a major role in British cycle racing.

Singer-songwriter Ren Harvieu is also from Greater Manchester. Brass band music, a tradition in the north of England, is important to Manchester's musical heritage; [] some of the UK's leading bands, such as the CWS Manchester Band and the Fairey Band , are from Manchester and surrounding areas, and the Whit Friday brass-band contest takes place annually in the neighbouring areas of Saddleworth and Tameside. Manchester has a thriving theatre, opera and dance scene, with a number of large performance venues, including Manchester Opera House , which feature large-scale touring shows and West End productions; the Palace Theatre ; and the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester's former cotton exchange, which is the largest theatre in the round in the UK.

Smaller venues include the Contact Theatre and Z-arts in Hulme. The Dancehouse on Oxford Road is dedicated to dance productions. Housing two theatre spaces, five cinemas and an art exhibition space, it replaced the Cornerhouse and The Library Theatre. Since the city has hosted the Manchester International Festival , a biennial international arts festival with a focus on original work, which has included major new commissions by artists, including Bjork.

Manchester's museums celebrate Manchester's Roman history, rich industrial heritage and its role in the Industrial Revolution , the textile industry , the Trade Union movement, women's suffrage and football. A reconstructed part of the Roman fort of Mamucium is open to the public in Castlefield. The Science and Industry Museum , housed in the former Liverpool Road railway station , has a large collection of steam locomotives , industrial machinery, aircraft and a replica of the world's first stored computer program known as the Manchester Baby.

The municipally owned Manchester Art Gallery in Mosley Street houses a permanent collection of European painting and one of Britain's main collections of Pre-Raphaelite paintings.

In the south of the city, the Whitworth Art Gallery displays modern art, sculpture and textiles and was voted Museum of the Year in The work of Stretford -born painter L. Lowry , known for "matchstick" paintings of industrial Manchester and Salford, can be seen in the City and Whitworth Manchester galleries, and at the Lowry art centre in Salford Quays in the neighbouring borough of Salford , which devotes a large permanent exhibition to his works.

The two began writing The Communist Manifesto in Chetham's Library [] — founded in and claiming to be the oldest public library in the English-speaking world. Elsewhere in the city, the John Rylands Library holds an extensive collection of early printing. The Rylands Library Papyrus P52 , believed to be the earliest extant New Testament text, is on permanent display there.

Letitia Landon 's poem Manchester in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, , records the rapid growth of the city and its cultural importance. Charles Dickens is reputed to have set his novel Hard Times in the city, and though partly modelled on Preston , it shows the influence of his friend Mrs Gaskell. She was accompanying her father Patrick , who was convalescing in the city after cataract surgery. Anthony Burgess is among the 20th-century writers who made Manchester their home.

He wrote here the dystopian satire A Clockwork Orange in The night-time economy of Manchester has expanded significantly since about , with investment from breweries in bars, public houses and clubs, along with active support from the local authorities.

Many of the big clubs suffered problems with organised crime at that time; Haslam describes one where staff were so completely intimidated that free admission and drinks were demanded and given and drugs were openly dealt.

Since the opening of new bars and clubs, the area attracts 20, visitors each weekend [] and has hosted a popular festival, Manchester Pride , each August since There are three universities in the City of Manchester. The University of Manchester is the second largest full-time non- collegiate university in the United Kingdom, [] created in by the merger of Victoria University of Manchester , founded in , and UMIST , founded in , [] having developed from the Mechanics' Institute founded, as indicated in the university's logo, in Manchester Metropolitan University was formed as Manchester Polytechnic on the merger of three colleges in The three universities are grouped around Oxford Road on the southern side of the city centre, which forms Europe's largest urban higher-education precinct.

One of Manchester's notable secondary schools is Manchester Grammar School. Established in , [] as a free grammar school next to what is now the cathedral, it moved in to Old Hall Lane in Fallowfield, south Manchester, to accommodate the growing student body.

In the post-war period, it was a direct grant grammar school i. The Manchester Velodrome , built as a part of the bid for the games, has become a catalyst for British success in cycling.

The Guardian newspaper was founded in the city in as The Manchester Guardian. Until , its head office was still in the city, though many of its management functions were moved to London in At its height, 1, journalists were employed, earning the city the nickname "second Fleet Street ". In the s the titles closed their northern offices and centred their operations in London.

The main regional newspaper in the city is the Manchester Evening News , which was for over 80 years the sister publication of The Manchester Guardian. Despite its title, it is available all day. Several local weekly free papers are distributed by the MEN group. The Metro North West is available free at Metrolink stops, rail stations and other busy locations. An attempt to launch a Northern daily newspaper, the North West Times , employing journalists made redundant by other titles, closed in Manchester has been a centre of television broadcasting since the s.

A number of television studios have been in operation around the city, and have since relocated to MediaCityUK in neighbouring Salford. Now based at MediaCityUK, the company's former headquarters at Granada Studios on Quay Street with its distinctive illuminated sign were a prominent landmark on the Manchester skyline for several decades.

Although its influence has waned, Granada had been described as "the best commercial television company in the world". With the growth in regional television in the s, Manchester became one of the BBC 's three main centres in England.

The Manchester television channel, Channel M , owned by the Guardian Media Group operated from , but closed in It began its first broadcast, but in , That's Manchester took over to air on 31 May and launched the freeview channel 8 service slot, before moving to channel 7 in April These stations and pirate radio played a significant role in the city's house music culture, the Madchester scene. Manchester has formal twinning arrangements or "friendship agreements" with several places.

Manchester is home to the largest group of consuls in the UK outside London. The expansion of international trade links during the Industrial Revolution led to the introduction of the first consuls in the s and since then over , from all parts of the world, have been based in Manchester. Manchester hosts consular services for most of the north of England. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. City in North West England. For other uses, see Manchester disambiguation.

City and metropolitan borough in England. City and metropolitan borough. Clockwise from top: Manchester city centre as seen from a distance of approximately 12 miles Coat of arms. Latin: "Concilio Et Labore" "By wisdom and effort".

Shown within Greater Manchester. M , WA Ringway. Main article: History of Manchester. See also: Timeline of Manchester history. Main article: Mamucium. View from Kersal Moor towards Manchester by Sebastian Pether , circa , then still a rural landscape. Note the River Irwell in both paintings. Manchester from Kersal Moor , by William Wyld in , a view now dominated by chimney stacks as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. See also: Geography of Greater Manchester. Climate data for Manchester MAN , elevation: 69 m ft , — normals, extremes —present.

Further information: North West Green Belt. Neighbouring districts and places. Salford Bury Oldham Salford Manchester. See also: Demography of Greater Manchester. Racial structure, according to the census [2] White Groups Asian Black 8.

Mixed 4. Chinese 2. Arab 1. Other 1. Religious beliefs, according to the census [2] Christian No Religion Muslim Hindu 1. Buddhist 0. Jewish 0. Other 0. Religion Not Stated 6. Main article: Economy of Manchester.

See also: List of companies based in Greater Manchester. Main article: Architecture of Manchester. Main article: Transport in Manchester.

See also: Transport for Greater Manchester. Main article: Manchester Metrolink. Main article: Manchester Airport. Further information: Cycling in Greater Manchester. Main article: Culture of Manchester. See also: List of people from Manchester.

See also: Popular music of Manchester , List of music artists and bands from Manchester , and Madchester. See also: List of schools in Manchester.

Main article: Sport in Manchester. Main article: Media in Manchester. See also: List of television programmes set, produced or filmed in Manchester ; Films set in Manchester ; and List of national radio programmes made in Manchester. England portal United Kingdom portal Europe portal.

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3/33 hazel road salisbury east free. AndrewSlele - Sab 10 Dic - 16:57

 
 

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